![]() ![]() Pneumatophores are a type of above-ground root that facilitate gas exchange in plants that live in stagnant, oxygen-poor water like swamps.Prop roots are are a type of above-ground root that provide additional support to anchor the plant. ![]() ![]() Bulbous roots, like onions, store starch.Though they are typically underground, roots can vary widely in structure based on evolutionary adaptations for specific purposes: Image credit: OpenStax Biology, modification of work by Austen Squarepants/Flickr) (a) Tap root systems have a main root that grows down, while (b) fibrous root systems consist of many small roots. The organ systems of a typical angiosperm (vascular flowering plant) are illustrated below. The shoot system generally grows above ground, where it absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. The shoot system, consisting of stems, leaves, and the reproductive parts of the plant.The root system, which supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals, is usually underground.Seeded plants (angiosperms and gymnosperms) have two organ systems: Organs are structures made up of two or more tissues organized to carry out a particular function, and groups of organs with related functions make up the different organ systems. Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together on a specific task. Like animals, plants are multicellular eukaryotes whose bodies are composed of organs, tissues, and cells with highly specialized functions. ![]() The information below was adapted from OpenStax Biology 30.1 Image credit: Image from page 233 of “Principles of modern biology” (1964) Plant Body Organization S, seed coats r, radicle h, hypocotyl c, cotyledon e, epicotyl. The images below shows the general structures and processes involved in seed germination:
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